Freetown

FREETOWN

Exploring sanitation, land use development and inequalities in Freetown

OVERVIEW

Kingtom landfill, Freetown, source: Sulaiman Kamara, SLURC, 2020
A quarter of Freetown’s faecal sludge is discharged at the Kingtom landfill. Photo by: Sulaiman Kamara, 2020
Community managed toilets in Susan Bay, Freetown. Photo by: Pascale Hofmann, 2019

Freetown’s sewer network is only 4km long, and serves the historic, colonial era central business district and an estimated 0.3% of the population. Septic tanks are more prevalent in wealthier central city and west side neighbourhoods, and increasingly in the new suburban areas to the west and south.

Simultaneously, an estimated 90% of Freetown’s largely informal population is reliant upon on-site sanitation facilities, three quarters of these unimproved pit latrines, many of which are shared and unsafe. Open defecation is widely practiced. Most faecal sludge is either buried, or illegally dumped in waterways or drains, with approximately 25% disposed of at Kingtom, the city’s treatment and disposal site.

Since 2012, a series of public health crises, notably the Ebola epidemic and several outbreaks of cholera, have catalysed interventions to improve sanitation and hygiene services in Freetown

RESEARCH APPROACH

Working in selected formal and informal neighbourhoods across Freetown, we are documenting how infrastructural legacies, actual investments, and daily interventions of residents to fix and improve their access come together to shape the sanitation landscape and its inclusivity.

We especially explore the taboos that occur at the level of sanitation governance (how much is really allocated to sanitation compared to other services? How are long term inequalities addressed or reproduced by development projects?) as well as of users and providers (how do women cope with inadequate facilities, especially when menstruating? Who cleans, maintains and fixes sanitation and at what costs? Where is the waste disposed of?).

Fostering dialogue across institutions and in an intersectional perspective, taking into account the multiple elements which shape sanitation needs, access and experiences in Freetown, we aim to support more inclusive, safe, and just sanitation pathways.

VIDEO

PUBLICATIONS

Just sanitation city Profile: Freetown, Sierra Leone

Freetown Sanitation Festival, Sierra Leone

OUR TEAM

Braima Koroma
Freetown city lead
Braima Koroma is a lecturer at the Institute of Geography and Development Studies, School of Environmental Sciences, Njala University and the Director of Research and Training at SLURC. Braima has over 15 years of experience as a lecturer, researcher, consultant, trainer and facilitator, in the areas of urban livelihoods, the city economy, resilience, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change, urban planning and development, environmental management, and development impact evaluation.
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Ibrahim Bakarr Bangura
Researcher
Ibrahim Bakarr Bangura is a Junior Researcher at SLURC with a BSc in Rural Development Studies from Njala University. He has worked with the Amazonian Initiative Movement as a Facilitator and was part of the SLURC team working with ASF-UK’s Change By Design Methodology on Community Action Area Plans (CAAP). He facilitated Community-Led Data Collection for Informal Settlement Profiling workshops and data collection, and is a member of Urban KNOW.
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Amadu Kamara Labor
Researcher
Amadu Kamara Labor is Infrastructure and Services Research Officer at the Sierra Leone Urban Research Centre (SLURC). He holds a BA in Development Studies from the University of Makeni and a BSC in Agricultural Education from the Ernest Bai Koroma University of Science and Technology. Amadu has been working with FEDURP and SLURC in Freetown’s informal settlements as a data collector, research assistant, an intern on the ESD Learning Exchange with DPU-UCL. He is currently an active member of the Federation of Urban and Rural Poor (FEDURP) with strong research interests.
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Jamiatu Sesay
FEDURP Member & Research Assistant
Jamiatu holds a degree in Community Development Studies and is an active member of the Federation for Urban and Rural Poor (FEDURP) in Freetown, Sierra Leone. She supports the OVERDUE project and especially the Freetown team by mobilizing community members, facilitating workshops, contributing to methodological propositions and reflections, as well as performing translation, transcription, and surveying.
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Francis Reffell
Researcher
Francis Reffell is a social justice and development professional. He is the Founder and Director of Centre of Dialogue on Human Settlement and Poverty Alleviation (CODOHSAPA), and also pioneered the establishment of Federation of Urban and Rural Poor (FEDURP) in Freetown. This is an alliance of Slum Dwellers International (SDI), which is a global network of NGO professionals and slum dwellers federations that support both local and global actions to improve on the welfare and living conditions of deprived population and localities. Within this space, Francis has dedicated his career to working on creating the space and voice of the poor and marginalised population and localities, which commands the value of hope restoration, and positive change and transformation.
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Emmanuel Osuteye
Freetown city Lead
The Bartlett Development Planning Unit, UK
Emmanuel is a multidisciplinary lecturer in Urbanisation and Sustainable Development at The Bartlett Developing Planning Unit, University College London (UCL). His research interests focus on studying the governance, policy and institutional aspects of disaster risk and risk management, climate change adaptation and resilience, and community-led development in low-income urban centres, particularly in Africa. Emmanuel has previously worked on large research consortia such as the DFID/ESRC funded £3.3million ‘Urban Africa Risk Knowledge’ (Urban ARK project) and the GCRF-funded £7million ‘Knowledge in Action for Urban Equality’ (KNOW project) leading research on risk governance and co-production of knowledge and urban practice to address inequalities and development deficits. Emmanuel regularly provides technical inputs to sustainable development policy formulation & implementation processes and has worked with the AUDA-NEPAD, UNDP, UNEP and UN-Habitat. He is a contributing author to the IPCC’s 6th Assessment Report on Climate Change (Working Group 2 – on impact, adaptation and vulnerability) and also serves as a Technical Advisor on urban resilience to the African Union. Emmanuel has an LLM in Environmental Law and Policy, and a PhD in Environmental Social Science both from the University of Kent, UK.
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UCL profile

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RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES

Sanitation pipes and bolts

Reframing sanitation

OVERDUE reframes the urban sanitation ‘crisis’ as a persistent ‘taboo’, to expand the enquiry from its materiality to the unspoken drivers of inequitable sanitation.


Co-learning repository

An Activist’s Glossary for Just Sanitation

The OVERDUE team and co-learning participants produced a political glossary to capture the diversity of terms used in sanitation. Explore it in English, Portuguese, French and Swahili!


Strategic Interventions

The OVERDUE team has been designing and implementing strategic interventions to advance just sanitation across the 7 cities.